Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease and flour three 6-inch cake pans; line with parchment.
Whisk together flour, baking powder, and salt in a medium bowl.
In a stand mixer, beat butter and peanut butter until smooth. Add sugar and beat on medium-high for 2-3 minutes.
Add eggs one at a time, mixing well after each, then add vanilla.
Alternate adding flour mixture and buttermilk, beginning and ending with flour. Mix until just combined.
Divide batter between pans and bake for 25-30 minutes. Cool on a wire rack for 10 minutes, then turn cakes out to cool completely.
Beat butter until creamy, then add peanut butter. Mix until combined (2-3 minutes).
Gradually add powdered sugar and vanilla. Add cream one tablespoon at a time until fluffy.
Layer cake with frosting and raspberry jam, stacking each layer. Top with chopped peanuts if desired.